宋代的经济开发与社会转型考略

A Brief Investigation on the Economic Development and Social Transformation in Song Dynast

宋代处于中国历史上重要的转型时期,是从传统向近代转变的初次启动,然而这次整体性转型最后却以失败告终。本文拟分三部分来描述和解释这个中国经济发展史上的课题。文章首先比较宋代与盛唐的经济实力,展示宋代在中国经济发展史中的地位;然后通过宋代工商社会的肇兴,原始工业化的启动、城镇化的扩展及海外贸易体系的兴盛来论述宋代已经具备了转变的基础;最后解释为什么中国从传统到近代转变的首次进程半途夭折,其中第二部分是文章重点。

Song Dynasty is in the important transitional period of China. It was the first change form tradition to modern, but this all round transition ended in failure. This paper will describe and analyze this subject in three parts： first, the paper makes a comparison the economic strength between Song Dynasty and the prosperous period of Tang Dynasty to show the important position of Song in the economic development of China; second, it discusses that Song had already had the necessary conditions for a transition for its thriving commercial and industry, the start up of original industrialization, the expansion of urbanization and the booming overseas trade market; finally, it explains why China＇s first transition form tradition to modem proved an abortion.