农民大众文学与市民大众文学并存的新局面——谈1940年代文学全景中的重要一角

Coexistence of Peasant and Townsfolk Plebian Literatures——An Important Section in Chinese Literature Panorama in the 1940s

1940年代的中国文学被包含在一场民族自卫战争之中,多元的大众化样式已成为文学的时代特征。解放区文学在毛泽东《延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的指导下,演变成为"农民大众文学",出现了秧歌剧《兄妹开荒》、新歌剧《白毛女》、新编京剧、街头诗、墙报、通俗故事、赵树理小说等通俗易懂、耳熟能详的农民文学。而沦陷区、国统区则出现了都市大众阅读类型文学,即以张爱玲、徐訏为代表的"市民大众文学"。于是,在1940年代,农民"大众化"与市民"大众化"发展到一起,出现了农民大众文学与市民大众文学并存的新局面,促使民族文学走向现代化和中国化。

Chinese literature in the 1940s was in a surrounding of national defense war, characterized by multiple plebian literature forms. The literature in the Liberated Area evolved into ＂ peasant plebian literature＂ under the guidance of Mao Zedong＇s Speech at the Forum of Art and Literature in Yan＇an, presenting easily understandable and admirable peasant literary works including the yangge opera Brother and Sister Reclaiming Barren Land （Xiongmeikaihuang） , new opera White-haired Women （Baimaonv） as well as plenty of new Peiking opera, street poetry, wall paper, popular stories and Zhao Shuli＇s novel. In the enemy-occupied area and the KMT-govern Area, there emerged urban popular literature, or the ＂townsfolk plebian literature＂ represented by the works of Zhang Ailing and Xu Xu. Therefore, in the 1940s peasant-oriented and townsfolk-oriented plebianism grew together into coexistence of peasant and townsfolk plebian literatures that propelled Chinese national literature to a modern and Chinese stage.