论晚明民窑青花花鸟装饰写意风格盛行的社会因素

ON THE SOCIAL FACTORS TO THE POPULARITY OF IMPRESSIONISTIC STYLE OF BLUE-AND-WHITE FLOWERS AND BIRDS DECORATION IN THE FOLK KILNS DURING THE LATE MING DYNASTY

陶瓷写意花鸟装饰萌芽于新石器时期彩陶,发端于唐代长沙窑,宋磁州窑延续其传统并发展。青花写意花鸟装饰在元代产生,经明中前期的发展,在晚明民窑青花中达到发展高峰。其盛行原因从经济政治因素方面考察:是资本主义萌芽在生产上的体现,是国内外市场对产品的旺盛需求,也是反封建斗争在艺术上的反映;在思想艺术因素方面考察:文人写意花鸟画的成熟、士人隐逸思潮与园林的兴盛、版画的空前繁荣起到重要推动作用。

The decoration of impressionistic style of flowers and birds on porcelain sprouted from the colorful pottery at the New Stone Age,originated in the Changsha Kiln of the Tang Dynasty and developed in the Cizhou kiln of the Song Dynasty while the decoration of blue-and-white impressionistic flowers and birds was created in the Yuan Dynasty,through the development of the early and mid-Ming Dynasty,it reached the peak in the folk kilns during the late Ming.From the economic and political factors,the prevailing reasons can be the emergence of seeds of Capitalism in production,the strong market demand for the product at home and broad and also the mirror in art of anti-feudal struggle;from the ideological and artistic factors,the prevailing reasons can be the mature skills of the impressionistic flowers and birds painting by the literati,the thoughts from hermits and literati,the flourishing gardens and the unprecedented prosperity of engraving.