姜维于263年冬始终固守剑门关新证

New Evidences about JIANG Wei's guard of Jianmenguan for the Whole Winter in AD 263

《三国志》和《华阳国志》等书都有姜维于263年冬撤离剑门关东到郪、涪的记载,而罗贯中的历史小说《三国演义》则认为姜维始终固守剑门关。认真考察,罗贯中之说更符合历史实际。因为姜维于263年冬撤离剑门关之说违背了此前姜维巩固边防的战略方针和实际行动,也不符合他战略意识强的作战特点,更不符合当时蜀国的战略部署,而实地材料也证明姜维一直固守剑门关。《三国志》和《华阳国志》的虚假记载的主要原因是史料不实。这些不实的史料都和《钟会传》的虚假记载有关,说明钟会想以此来平分邓艾的平蜀之功。这是司马昭默许过的事情,故晋人陈寿和常璩只能承认既成事实,不敢订证史实,说明真像。

The Records of Three Kingdoms and The Records of Hua Yang Kingdom record that JIANG Wei evacuated from Jianmenguan and ran eastward to Qi and Fu in the winter of 263.But The Three Kingdoms holds that JIANG Wei defended Jianmenguan consistently.Further probation shows that the view held by Three Kingdoms point is more authentic.If JIANG Wei evacuated from Jianmenguan,it would be against the prior strategies and actual performances by JIANG Wei to consolidate border defense,nor would it be in consistence with the operational characteristics of a strong sense strategy.But the field materials prove that JIANG Wei defended Jianmenguan thoroughly.The main reason of the false records of the The Records of Three Kingdoms and The Records of Hua Yang Kingdom are caused by false historical materials.