颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的超声诊断及其价值分析

Ultrasonic diagnosis of carotid atherosclerosis plaques and its value analysis

目的探索超声对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值。方法通过对156例中老年健康体检人员颈动脉检测,共诊断54例颈动脉粥样硬化患者,对其硬化斑块的好发部位、超声特征进行回顾分析。结果颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的好发部位为颈总动脉分叉处,占53.7%,颈内动脉起始段,占27.8%,颈总动脉主干,占18.5%。超声特征表现为四种类型:扁平斑、软斑、硬斑和溃疡斑,临床追踪随访及CT、MRI检查证实总计有脑梗死19例,占35.2%,其中,软斑块及溃疡斑块易被血流冲击脱落,形成栓子,发生脑梗死。结论用二维超声及彩色多普勒可以早期发现颈动脉粥样硬化病变,进而采取相应的治疗措施,能有效预防缺血性脑卒中的发生。

Objective To explore the clinical value of ultrasound in detecting atherosclerotic plaque of carotid artery.Methods Of 156 middle and old aged people who were taken health examination,54 cases were found atherosclerotic plaque of carotid arter-ies.The predilection sites and ultrasonic features of the plaque were retrospectively analyzed.Results Carotid atherosclerosis plagues were more common in the crotch of arteria carotis communis（53.7%）,initial segment of internal carotid artery（27.8%）and trunk of arteria carotis communis （18.5%）.Ultrasonic features of the plaque included four types：flat,soft,hard,and ulcer plaque.There were 19 cases （35.2%）of cerebral infarction confirmed by CT,MRI or clinical follow-up.Among them,soft and ulcer plaques were easily shedded by the impact of blood stream,resulting in embolization and then cerbral infarction.Conclusion 2-Dimensional and color Doppler may be useful in early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions of carotid artery.Therefore,corresponding treatments can be used to prevent cerebral ischemic stroke effectively.