农业生态学近年研究领域与研究方法综述

Review of research fields and research methods of agroecology in recent years.

近年农业生态学研究领域非常活跃,包括农业生态系统模式,农业可持续发展与生态农业,农业生物多样性,农业与全球变化,作物与杂草的生态适应性,作物与杂草的遗传生态学及化学生态学,无公害食品生产,畜禽粪便处理,病虫害综合防治等方面的研究。研究中广泛应用了系统分析方法和人工智能、人工神经网络、基因算法、有限元分析等新方法。中型实验系统方法日益受到重视。生态学正从系统描述转到系统自组织的理解,从预测生态危机转到主动调控其变化。农业生态学将成为生态学研究的重点领域。

In recent years,active research fields of agroecology included agroecosystem mod-els, sustainable agriculture, ecological agriculture, agricultural diversity ,agriculture and global changes, ecological adaptation of crops and weeds, genetic ecology and chemical ecology of crops and weeds,green food production, waste treatment of animal industry, integraded pest management. Methods of systems anslysis are widely used. Artificial intelligent method,artifi-cial nervous systems method and gene algorihm method are introduced to agroecological re-search and the experimental method of middle type has abstracted a lot of attention. The re-search of ecology is changing from the description of ecosystems to the understanding of the self-organization mechanism, from the passively forecasting ecological crises to the actively controlling the change. Agroecology will become a more important fields of ecology in the future.