东北地区农村家庭结构变迁的调查分析——辽宁省一个典型村落的田野调查

An Analysis of the Rural Family Structure Changes in Northeast China——Based on a Field Investigation into a Typical Village in Liaoning Province

对辽宁省一个典型村落的田野调查表明,改革开放以来东北地区农村家庭结构发生了很大变化,主要表现在农村家庭规模不断缩小,农村劳动力的文化水平和有技能的劳动者数量都有所提高,农村家庭决策模式逐渐向男女共商决策模式演变,晚婚晚育普遍,婚姻自主化,婚姻质量提高。农村家庭子女教育费用逐年提高,农村养老方式正在向社会养老保险方面发展。农村职业分化明显,其中亦工亦农亦商和工人阶层所占比例最大。提出了加强政府对职业技术教育的指导和扶持、提高个人道德素质和法制观念、加强对老人生活照料和精神慰藉以及深化以户籍和土地制度为主体的各项制度改革等对策和建议。

An investigation into a typical village in Liaoning Province shows that great changes of the rural family structure have taken place in Liaoning Province since China policy of reform and opening to the world was taken 30 years ago.The rural family size has shrunk;the literacy of rural labor forces has been improved;the number of rural skilled workers has increased;the traditional rural household decision-making mode has been gradually shifting towards the mode of making decisions by means of husband-wife or man-woman compromise settlement;late marriage and late childbirth have become popular;the marital autonomization has been realized and the marital quality improved;yet the rural children＇s educational cost has been increasing year by year;the rural old-age pension is progressing in the direction of the social pension insurance;the rural occupational division has become very clear,in which those who are worker,peasant and businessperson and the worker class have occupied the biggest proportion.Finally,a series of policy and proposal that are oriented towards optimizing rural family structure are put forward,such as strengthening the governmental guidance and support of vocational and technical education,improving the personal and ethical standards and legal awareness,strengthening the livelihood of the elderly care and comfort,and deepening the reform of the current registration system and land reform.