元代新安理学从“唯朱是宗”到“和会朱陆”的转向

The Turns from "Zhu Being the Only Case" to "the Combination of Zhu and Lu"in Yuan Dynasty

元初的新安理学家以宗朱为特征。他们奉朱熹之说为圭臬,做了大量的理学义理普及与文献整理工作,陈栎、胡一桂、胡炳文是其中代表性人物。唯知株守朱学常常会产生流弊,使朱学流为训诂之学。以朱升、郑玉、赵为代表的新一代新安理学家开始寻求突破,从而使新安理学出现了"和会朱陆"的转向。朱升以"尊德性"统摄"道问学",郑玉力倡朱陆之同,而赵则认为朱陆"早异晚同"。新一代新安理学家"和会朱陆"思想,其实就是想用陆氏"发明本心"的思路来纠正宗朱学者偏执于语言训诂的流弊。

In early Yuan Dynasty,Xin＇an school of Confucians was characterized by their homage to Zhu Xi.They took Zhu Xi＇s theory as the only criterion,and conducted a great amount of work on the popularization of the universal moral principles of Zhu＇s theory and on the literature reviews of Confucianism.Chen Li,Hu Yigui,Hu Bingwen were representative characters in this school.However,their total homage to Zhu Xi often resulted in abuses of Zhu＇s theory and reduced it to exegetical study.A new generation of Neo-Confucians,represented by Zhu Sheng,Zheng Yu,Zhao Wei,began to seek a breakthrough so that there came a turning point in Xin＇an Confucianism of ＂the combination of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan＇s theories＂.According to Zhu Sheng,＂dharma （essential principal of law or morality）＂ captained ＂knowledge＂.Zheng Yu emphasized the similarities between the theories of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan,but Zhao reckoned that Zhu and Lu were different in their early ages but similar in the late years.The younger generation of Xin＇an Confucians,in effect,tended to utilize Lu Jiuyuan＇s idea of ＂crystallizing the truth and following the truth within one＇s heart＂ to correct the Zhu scholars＇ exegetical fallacies.