角色-背景理论下《登幽州台歌》英译本的认知文体学分析

Cognitive Stylistic Analysis of English Translation of On a Gate-Tower at Youzhou under Character-Background Theory

角色-背景理论以突显原则为基础,"角色"指某一认知概念或感知中突出的部分,即注意的焦点,而"背景"则指为突出角色而衬托的部分。在诗歌创作与翻译的认知过程中,一些意象被诗人或者译者突出识别为角色,而另一些则被淡化为背景。以唐代诗人陈子昂的《登幽州台歌》为例,对其九首译诗分三组做对比分析,重点从译诗对原诗角色的扩大、译诗对原诗背景的缩小以及译诗对原诗角色-背景关系的缺失三方面研究。由于译者与诗人各自认知系统的无法完全契合性,往往造成译诗与原诗角色-背景关系的不一致性,造成译诗中"角色"由诗人向读者自然过渡的困难,诗的厚重之感和雄壮之势皆被破坏,也限定了悲伤的范畴和程度,破坏了读者想象的空间,"角色"无法突显,共鸣之音自然难以秦响。因此,角色-背景对译文的影响是巨大的。

Character-background theory is based on Prominence Principle.＂Character＂ refers to certain cognitive concept or highlighted part of perception,i.e.focus of attention;＂background＂ is another part that serves as setoff.In the cognitive process of poetry writing and translation,certain imageries are recognized by poets or translators as characters,while others neglected to be a part of background.Taking On a Gate-Tower at Youzhou as an example,this paper divides nine translation versions into three groups and analyzes them comparatively,mainly focusing on amplification of characters from source poem to translation,or reduction of background,and loss of character-background relations.The inevitable differences in cognition between the poet and the translator often result in discrepancy of character-background relations between the original and the translation,which manufactures difficulty to the natural transition of ＂character＂ from the poem to the reader,to break the profoundness and grandeur,to restrict the scope and extent of melancholy and to impair the reader＇s imagination.＂Character＂ is obscured and agreeing appreciation fails.Therefore,character-background is greatly important on translation.