新时期村民自治中农民政治参与状况研究

Study on the State of Farmers Political Participaton in the Rural Self-governance Process of the New Era

政治参与是现代民主政治的重要内容,是政府权力和社会权力相互作用、不断消长的过程,也是衡量政治现代化的重要指标。作为中国社会构成主体的农民的政治参与是我国民主政治发展不可或缺的因素。新时期中国农民的政治参与,大致呈现出了参政态度的冷热与参与能力高低并存、制度化参与与非制度化参与并存、参政主体的不平衡与利益取向多样化并存的特点,结合当前村民自治中农民政治参与的特点,从政治参与的广度、深度和效度方面进行了分析,提出走有序化政治参与道路的对策,即提供有效的制度供给,为农民有序化的政治参与提供制度保障;促进农村经济发展,为农民有序化的政治参与提供物质基础;构建新型农村政治文化,提高农民参政能力;积极发展农村社会组织,增强农民利益表达能力。

Political participation is not only an important aspect of modern democracy and a constant process of growth and decline of the interaction between government power and social power, but also an important indicator to measure political modernization. In a large agricultural country, farmers~ political participation is an indispensable element of China＇s democratic political development. In the new period of political participation, the Chinese farmers show hot and cold attitudes to the political participation, different level of capacity to participate, and institutionalized and non-institutional participation, the imbalance in politics and interests of the main orientation and diverse characteristics. Combined with the characteristics of famers＇ political participation in the current process of villager＇ self-governance, from political participation,the breadth,depth and validity aspects of the in-depth analysis, the paper puts forward the path of orderly political participation, that is to say, to provide an effective system supply for farmers as an institutional guarantee of political participation; to promote rural economic development for farmers as the material basis of political participation;to build a new political culture in rural areas and improve the capacity of farmers＇ participation in politics;to positively develop of rural social organizations, and increase the farmers＇ ability to express their interests.