近代汉语时期与动量词组合的语言成分

Linguistic Components Used Together With Action-measure Word in Modern Chinese Language

近代汉语时期,除数词外能与动量词组合使用的语言成分主要有:指代词"此""这""那";疑问代词"那"(哪);方位词"后""前""下""上";时间词"今""先";后缀"子""儿""家(价)""里"等。各组合形式的出现时间和发展过程各不相同。近代汉语动量词在组合能力方面有一定的规律性:相对而言,计数动量词("次""回")的组合能力最强,现代汉语中消失了的动量词(如"过""巡""转""度")在近代汉语时期的组合能力很弱;从时间角度来看,元、明时期动量词的组合能力最强。各组合形式的出现一方面与动量词及语言成分本身的发展紧密相关,另一方面与语言发展的类推作用有关;其此消彼长的发展过程主要与同义词之间的互相竞争有关;社会时代是促进各组合形式发展或消亡的外部因素。

In Modern Chinese, the linguistic components that can be used together with action-measure words are following：the demonstrative pronoun words ci, zhe, na; interrogative pronoun word na; location words hou, qian, xia, shang; time words jin, xian; and the suffix zi, er,jia, li, etc. The appearing time and the developing process of these phrases differ from each other. There are some rules in their capabilities of combination： comparatively speaking, the strongest in combinative ability are ci and hui, the weakest are those that disappeared now, e. g. guo, xun,zhuan,du;from the point of time,the strongest period is in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties in the. The reasons for the appearance of each phrase relate to the development of each action-measure word and relate to the analogize function of language development; the reason why some usages disap component, meanwhile peared is the result of synonyms competition. The society and time are the external causes for the development of these phrases.