带附加气室空气弹簧力学特性参数试验

Experiment for mechanic characteristic parameters of air spring with auxiliary chamber

为了揭示带附加气室空气弹簧动力学特性,基于1T15M-2膜式空气弹簧建立了带附加气室空气弹簧力学特性试验测试系统,利用自由衰减振动的方法研究了簧上质量、节流孔直径、附加气室容积等因素对系统等效刚度、等效阻尼及固有频率等力学特性参数的影响.试验结果表明：在保持弹簧工作高度不变的前提下,增加簧上质量会增大弹簧等效刚度,但簧上质量的变化对弹簧的等效阻尼比和固有频率影响不大;随节流孔直径的增大,等效阻尼先增大后减小;在节流孔直径4~7 mm范围内,等效刚度和固有频率均由最大值迅速降到最小值;在附加气室容积小于主气室容积2~3倍范围内,增大附加气室容积有利于降低空气弹簧的等效刚度和固有频率;在节流孔有效作用下,再增大附加气室容积会明显增大空气弹簧等效阻尼比.

In order to reveal the dynamic characteristics of air spring with auxiliary chamber, the experimental system of air spring with auxiliary chamber was established based on 1T15M -2 type air spring, and the effects of spring mass, orifice diameter and auxiliary chamber volume on effective stiffness, effective damp and natural frequency of system were studied by damped free vibration. Experimental results show that, when operational height of air spring is kept constant, the effective stiffness of air spring increases with the increase of spring mass, but the changes of spring mass have little effect on both damp ratio and natural frequency. With the increase of orifice diameter, effective damp ratio first increase, and then decreases. Both the effective stiffness and natural frequency will decrease from the maximum values to the minimum values rapidly within the diameters of orifice from 4ram to 7ram. When the volume of auxiliary chamber is 2 - 3 times less than that of air spring, increasing auxiliary chamber volume will contribute to the decreasing of effective stiffness and natural frequency. Under the effective action of orifice, effective damp ratio will increase obviously with the increase of auxiliary chamber volume.