汉语作为第二语言的汉语双字组声调发展研究

On the Development of Chinese Disyllable Tone of CSL learners

文章以无声调语言非汉语母语者和声调语言非汉语母语者为研究对象,以汉语母语者为参照,利用实验语音学的方法纵向考察了被试的汉语双字组声调的动态发展。研究发现,无声调语言母语者和声调语言母语者五项声调特征和四类声调的发展程度和发展类型存在着种种差异。同时,非汉语母语者由于受到普遍认知发展规律的制约,从而表现出类似的发展特点。另外,声调所处的前后字位置对不同母语背景的汉语学习者的影响也不同。文章还提出造成双字组声调发展非线性和复杂性最重要的原因是非汉语母语者汉语声调的学习方式,即非汉语母语者通过调节不同声调特征的权重来学习汉语双字组声调。

Based on the method of experimental phonetics, the disyllable tone productions between CSL learners with a nontone-- language-- background and CSL learners with a tone--language--back- ground were longitudinally compared. It was concluded that the two groups were different from each other in the development of 5 tone features and 4 tones. Meanwhile, CSL learners were restricted by some universal cognitive factors. The research also proved that the tone--learning methods of CSL learners would result in their own nonlinear and complex developmental process, that is, CSL learners would regulate the weight of tone features for their learning the disyllable tone of Chinese.