论清朝苏州踹布业中布号与踹坊及踹工之关系

On Relationship between Workshop and Worker of Suzhou Stamped-cloth Industry in Qing Dynasty

明清时期,在江南苏松地区的踹布业中出现了近代化的生产方式。踹坊主置备生产设施,从布号领取布匹,招募工匠踹布。在这个过程中,棉布商人凭借巨大的资本优势支配了整个生产过程。踹匠一方面是自由的劳动力出卖者,另一方面又被地方政府严密监管。踹坊主本是独立的小生产者,却在经济上被布号支配,在政治上又充当了政府的基层监管者,其本身亦受到政府的严格监管。

During Ming and Qing dynasties in Jiang Nan Susong area, modernization of production emerged in stamped-cloth Industry. In this process, the cotton merchants dominated the production process with huge capital advantages such as provision of production facilities, distribution of cloth and recruitment of artisans. The workers in the workshops were closely monitored by local governments, while workshop owners acted as the government＇ s primary regulator but were also under strict government supervision.