巫溪县长桂乡爆发性流感的流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of the Influenza Outbreaks in Changgui Rural in Wuxi County

目的了解巫溪县长桂乡2008年发生的48例流感病例的流行病学特征,为防治流感工作提供科学依据。方法对巫溪县长桂乡中心小学及学校周围人群进行流行病学调查,填写调查问卷,并抽取有典型症状的12名病例采集咽拭子样标本和血清样本各6份进行实验室检测。结果 2008年5月巫溪县长桂乡48人出现发热、咳嗽等流行性感冒症状的爆发疫情,其中男性24人,占50.0%,女性24人,占50.0%;发病年龄在2～47岁,以11岁、12岁、13岁3个年龄组较多,发病23人,占47.91%。采集病人咽拭子标本6份,1份分离出B型流行性感冒病毒,阳性率为16.67%;采集血清标本6份进行快速检测,1份为阳性,阳性率为16.67%。结论及时对初发病例,采取有效的隔离和治疗措施,加强改善中小学校等人口聚集地的环境,宣传良好的卫生习惯,普及流行性感冒的卫生知识,是防治流行性感冒爆发流行的有效措施。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Changgui rural of Wuxi County in 2008,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and treatment of influenza.Methods Epidemiological survey was done for the students in central primary school and the residents living in the surrounding school in Changgui township in Wuxi County.We filled in the questionnaire,and throat swab samples from 12 patients with typical symptoms were collected（6 swab samples and 6 serum samples） for laboratory testing.Results 48 patients（24 male and 24 female subjects,age range of 2～47 years old） with the symptoms of fever and cough were noted in May 2008 in Wuxi County Changgui rural.47.9% of the patients were in the age group of 11,12 and 13.Influenza B virus was isolated in 1 out of the 6 throat swab samples.One out of 6 serum samples was also positive in the rapid influenza detection test.Conclusions Early treatment and patient isolation is an effective mean to control the outbreak of influenza.Efforts to reduce crowing in the primary and secondary schools,maintaining personal hygiene,promotion of health education are the effective measures for the prevention of epidemic and control of influenza outbreaks.