托烷司琼联合胃复安预防肿瘤化疗恶心、呕吐疗效的观察与护理

Observation of the Efficacy of Tropisetron Combined with Metoclopramide in Preventing Nausea and Vomiting during Tumor Chemotherapy

目的探讨预防肿瘤化疗引起消化道反应的方法及有效护理措施。方法采用多中心、随机、自身交叉对照的方法,对330例中晚期肿瘤病人在行化疗时予以静脉使用托烷司琼(5mg)和肌注胃复安(20mg):观察组托烷司琼与胃复安联合应用、对照组Ⅰ单独用托烷司琼和对照组Ⅱ单独用胃复安,对预防肿瘤化疗后消化道反应的治疗效果进行对比观察及相关护理。结果观察组与两个对照组在预防化疗消化道反应的效果分别为:预防恶心有效率:72.7%(80/110)、51.8%(57/110)、20.9%(23/110);预防呕吐有效率分别为:94.5%(104/110)、70%(77/110)、40%(44/110)。观察组预防肿瘤化疗后消化道反应的效果明显优于对照组。结论两种止吐药物联合应用,对预防肿瘤化疗后胃肠道反应的作用明显优于两药单独使用。在化疗过程中严密观察药物副反应,做好患者心理护理,饮食护理,可使患者顺利完成化疗周期,提高生存质量。

Objective To inquire into the method of preventing the digestive symptoms during tumor chemotherapy and the effective nursing measure.Methods Three hundred and thirty patients with middle-late tumor were divided into 3 groups by the multicentric,random,selfcross method,who were given tropisetron（5mg） intravenously and metoclopramide（20mg） intramuscularly.Tropisetron was used in the observation group in combination with metoclopramide,tropiseton in control group Ⅰ and metroclopramide in control group Ⅱ.The efficacy of them in preventing the digestive symptoms during tumor chemotherapy was comparatively observed.Results The efficacy rate of preventing nausea was 72.7%（80/110） in the observation group,51.8%（57/110） in control group Ⅰand 20.9%（23/110） in control group Ⅱ and that of preventing vomiting,94.5%（104/110）,70%（77/110） and 40%（44/110）.The efficacy was significantly superior in the observation group to that in the control groups.Conclusions The effects of tropisetron used in combination with metoclopramide on the digestive symptoms during tumor chemotherapy are significantly superior to those of a single use drug.The close observation of drug side effects and the assurance of psychological and diet nursing of the patients can make them tide over a chemotherapeutic period successfully and improve the quality of their survival.