利用组织培养克服落花生种间杂交障碍

Utilization of In Vitro Culture to Overcome the Barriers of Inter-Specific Hybridization in the Genus Arachis

对落花生栽培种与野生种种间杂交之障碍加以剖析,并综述克服落花生种间杂交障碍方面的研究成果,提供落花生种间杂交时之参考。种间杂交子房柄培养的结果显示,利用MS+150mg/LCH+50mg/L抗坏血酸(ascorbicacid)培养基可促进五个杂交组合之子房膨大且发育成荚果;杂交种子经无菌播种均获得再生植株,经染色体鉴定结果为2n=3×=30的三倍体杂种,生长株型为类似野生种的分枝匍匐型。种间杂交未熟胚以添加TDZ之MS培养基可诱导多芽体。杂交F1之花药以MS+2,4-D培养基诱导愈合组织,再转移至添加NAA和BA之分化培养基中可形成芽体,在添加2,4-D和TDZ之分化培养基中则有胚状体产生。

In this paper, the barriers of inter-specific hybridization in the genus Arachis were explicated, then summary the research results of in vitro culture for the peg tips, immature embryo and anther of inter-specific hybrids. The young peg tips of A. hypogaea×A. duranensis, A. hypogaea×A. pusilla and A. hypogaea×A. batizocoi, cultured on the MS medium with 150 mg/L CH and 50mg/L ascorbic acid, developed to pods. The seeds derived from three crosses, germinated by aseptic seeding, and hybrid plants have been obtained. The results of cytological determination indicated that these hybrids with chromosome number 2n=2×=30 were triploid, and displayed the branch procumbent type tended to wild species. The immature embryos of inter-specific hybrids between cultivar TN11 and 6 wild type cultured on MS＋TDZ could induce multiple shoot and bud primordia. Anthers of the hybrids from the crosses of TNS9×A. villosa and TN11×A. cardenasii were cultured on the MS medium with 2,4-D and TDZ to induce callus. The anther-derived callus from hybrids was well-differentiated. The MS medium combined NAA and BA was suited well to produce shoots, whereas the medium combined 2,4-D and TDZ could induce embryoids.