河北省一季作区马铃薯病虫害发生及综合防控

Occurrence of Diseases and Insects on One-cropping Potatoes in Hebei Province and Their Integrated Managements

河北省一季作区马铃薯主要病虫害有晚疫病、早疫病、黑痣病和二十八星瓢虫,此外,病毒引起的品种退化比较普遍,造成不同程度的损失。本文根据河北省一季作区马铃薯病虫害发生特点总结出一套综合防控技术体系,包括将马铃薯与玉米、大白菜等非茄科作物轮作3年减轻黑痣病危害;采用脱毒薯克服病毒引起的品种退化问题;种薯和(或)土壤消毒控制黑痣病和晚疫病;待马铃薯生长至封垄后,遇到适宜晚疫病发生的天气,喷施1～3次保护性杀菌剂预防晚疫病和早疫病;一旦监测到晚疫病中心病株后即拔除并装入塑料袋带出田外,并交替喷施有治疗效果、能兼治早疫病且作用机制不同的内吸性杀菌剂及混剂;田间出现马铃薯二十八星瓢虫成虫,在杀菌剂中混入高效氯氰菊酯或高效氯氟氰菊酯等高效杀虫剂防虫;马铃薯成熟前1～2周将地上部分割掉并运出田外后收获块茎。

Late blight,early blight,stem canker and black scurf,and large potato lady beetle are the major diseases and insects on potatoes growing in one-cropping area in Hebei Province,besides,variety degeneration caused by virus occurred widely and led to loss of potato yield to some extents.Based on characteristics of occurrence of diseases and insects on one-cropping potatoes in Hebei Province,a technique system of integrated management for the diseases and insects control is summarized in this paper.The technique system includes a 3-year rotation of potatoes following corns,Chinese cabbages,or the other non-solanaceae crops to mitigate stem canker and black scurf;planting virus-free seed potatoes to avoid the variety degeneration caused by virus;seed potatoes dressed by fungicides and（or） soil disinfection to control stem canker and black scurf and late blight;1-3 foliage sprays of protective fungicides to prevent occurrence of late blight and early blight at the beginning of full canopy stage and the climite favorable to late blight occurrence;pulling infected plants out and taking them out of the fields in plastic bags once very few of potato plants infected by late blight are found in the detected fields,and spraying systemic fungicides（with curative action,effective to late blight and early blight,and with different mechanisms of action） or their mixture formulations in alternation;mixing the highly effective insecticides（i.e.beta-cypermethrin or lambda-cyhalothrin） with the fungicides and spraying once the adults of large potato lady beetle emerge on potato leaves;and chopping the upper parts of potato plants out and moving them off the potato fields 1-2 weeks before the tubers of potato become mature and are harvested