科学合理性的新理解——一种基于实践规范观的探析

On a possible understanding of rationality of science

科学合理性是现代西方科学哲学讨论的核心论题;基于实践规范观的科学合理性探析有助于把握科学合理性的新内涵。不同的规范观,决定了对科学合理性的不同理解;从哲学史的视角概述了两种规范观及其与之对应的科学合理性理解要旨。与理论优位的科学哲学所秉持的抽象理性规范观不同,科学实践哲学主张一种实践境况规范观,从而使重新理解科学合理性的本质及其评价问题成为可能。进一步阐明了实践境况规范的历史性和地方性在存在论意义上所决定的科学合理性评价的实践性理解;揭示了由规范适用范围、适用时间和规范力量三个基本维度构成的科学合理性评价体系,并基于此探究了科学合理性规范评价的若干尺度。

How to understand the rationality of science is radically decided by what kinds of notion of nomativity is hold.This paper outlines the two kinds of nomativity concepts and their corresponding the essence understanding of rationality of science.Abstract rational concept of norm upholded by thoery-domimant philosophy of science is different from practical situated view point of norm advocated by philosophy of scientific practice,and the later offers a new possibility of understanding of scientific rationality.The historicity and locality of practical situated norms determined the understanding of rationality of science under the embodied practical situation;revealed an evaluating system consisted of the scope of norm,application time,and normative force.