感恩及其与幸福感的关系

Gratitude and Its Relationship with Well-Being

感恩是当前积极心理学的热点课题,是指个体用感激情绪了解或回应因他人的恩惠或帮助而使自己获得积极经验或结果的一种人格特质。感恩对于个体幸福感具有独特的预测作用,中介模式和调节模式两种理论对其影响机制进行了解释。感恩干预可有效增加个体感恩水平,进而提升幸福感,其策略主要包括感恩记录、感恩沉思和表达感恩行为等。明晰感恩的概念与结构、完善测量工具、拓展并深化中介与调节机制、发展有效的干预策略、开展儿童青少年研究,以及跨文化或本土化研究是该领域未来重要的研究方向。

Gratitude is a heated spot of positive psychology research currently.It refers to a generalized tendency to recognize and to respond with grateful emotions to the roles of other people＇s benevolence in positive experiences and outcomes that one obtains.Gratitude plays a unique role in predicting well-being.Two theories of mediation model and moderation model explained this mechanism.Gratitude intervention can effectively increase the general level of individuals＇ gratitude and thus improve their well-being.It＇s strategies mainly include gratitude lists,gratitude contemplation and behavioral expressions of gratitude.Finally,further research should focus on the clarification of the conception and structure of gratitude,the improvement of the measurement tools,the broadening and deepening of the mediation and moderation mechanism,the development of effective intervention strategies,the study of children and adolescent and cross-cultural or localized research.