集约栽培条件下间套作的光能利用理论发展及其应用

Development of Light Utilization Theory for Wheat/Corn Intercropping in Condition of Intensive Cultivation

通过连续3年小麦、玉米带状间套作的试验,比较了作物在间套种植与单作种植时对光能利用的差异。结果表明:小麦玉米间套作复合群体LAI≥3的日数比单作小麦、玉米提高2.03倍和29.2％,叶-日积提高1.2倍和13.1％,截获的太阳辐射能高54.75％和2.32％,透光率高38.7％和26.4％。间套作的小麦、玉米的LAIs/LAI在生长盛期比单作小麦、玉米高18和10个百分点,叶倾角大2.89°和2.97°,G值早晚大于单作而中午小于单作,粒/叶比大于单作。间套作复合群体多截光且使带内光的垂直分布均匀化,光的水平分布不均匀化及容纳高密的能力增强是间套作提高光能利用率和产量的重要原因。小麦玉米间套作的光能利用率为0.86％,单作小麦为0.31％,单作玉米为0.8％,籽粒产量分别比单作小麦、玉米提高169.7％和12.11％。因此认为间套作应向耐密植、高光效和满负荷栽培方向发展。

Based on continuous experiments for three years, the difference of light utilization between intercropping and sole cropping has been compared. The results showed that the days of LAI>3 of wheat/corn intercropping increased by 203% and 29. 2%, 120% and 13. 1%of LAD, 54. 75% and 2. 32% of sun radiation interception, 38. 7% and 26. 4% of light penetration rate, comparing to wheat and corn sole cropping respectively. During flowering stage of wheat and jointing stage of corn, LAI/LAIs of wheat and corn in intercropping was 18% and 10% more than those of wheat and corn in sole cropping, with 2. 89 and 2. 97 more of foliage inclination angle, so as G-value at noon and grains/leaf area did. This resulted in that wheat/corn intercropping canopy not only intercepted more light energy but also made light well-distributed within planting-belt both in vertical and honrizontal direction and improved capacity of high density. Thus, the light energy utilization efficiency of wheat/corn intercropping reached 0. 86% whereas 0. 31% of wheat sole cropping and 0. 8% of corn sole cropping, the grain yield per hectare increased by 169. 7% and 12. 11% compared to wheat and corn sole cropping respectively. It was suggested that intercropping should develop high density resistant, time intensity and high CAP cultivation.