论公司设立行为后果与发起人责任

On the Consequences of Establishing a Company and Initiator's Responsibilities

在我国,公司设立人的主体是发起人。发起人实施一系列设立行为后,可能产生三种后果:即公司成立、公司不成立、公司成立但存在瑕疵。按照法律规定,无论哪一种后果,都存在发起人的责任承担问题。公司成立,发起人要承担资本充实责任、损害赔偿责任、出资违约责任;公司不成立,发起人要承担设立费用和债务的赔偿责任、对已收股款负返还责任、对已订立的合同责任;公司成立瑕疵,发起人、股东要承担资本充实责任和承受罚款的制裁等。对这些问题的研究和讨论具有重要的理论和实践意义。

In China,the main body of a company＇s founder is an initiator.After a series of establishing performances are presented by the initiator,three consequences may occur：namely,the founding of a company,non-founding of a company,the founding of a company but with defects.Whichever consequence is produced,the initiator must bear the responsibilities there from by law.When a company is established,the initiator answers for the responsibilities of pooling capital,compensating for damage,and default of providing capital.In case a company is not set up,the initiator shoulders the responsibilities of compensating for the founding cost and debts,returning the share capital that has been taken in,and signing of the contracts;when a company is founded with defects,the initiator and shareholders bear the responsibilities of pooling capital and standing the sanction of paying a penalty,Researches and discussions on these matters have important theoretical and practical significance.