民初新闻舆论与政治格局演变——以“善后大借款”事件为例

News Report and Evolution of Political Structure at the Beginning of Republic of China

民国初年,财政危机日迫,袁世凯政府为维持政局的稳定,开始了"善后大借款"的交涉。交涉前期,唐绍仪力图摆脱列强的财政控制而签约"比款",却因此引发了新闻舆论的轩然大波。在这场舆论大战中,列强和袁世凯联合制造的"反唐"舆论占据了主流地位,由此导致人们对唐绍仪的"误读",唐内阁由此而倒台。交涉后期,面对反对借款的舆论高潮,袁世凯政府采取了强硬钳制政策。虽然在袁世凯政府的强力控制下,反借款舆论终被平息下去,但却为袁世凯将来的众叛亲离以及统治的终结埋下了隐患。由此,可藉以反思新闻舆论对政治格局演变的影响。

At the beginning of Republic of China,the financial crisis forces Yuan Shikai＇s government to negotiate ＂ Reorganization Loan＂.At the initial stage,Tang Shaoyi signed the loan contract with Belgium in order to rid of the control of the four nations,triggering the argument and debate in news report.The anti-Tang opinion dominated by Yuan Shikai and the four nations took the lead so the public misunderstood Tang Shaoyi＇s intention,resulting in the collapse of his cabinet.At the final stage,in the face of the public opinion opposing the loan,Yuan Shikai adopted the high-hand policies.Although such opinion is oppressed,it became the hidden trap for Yuan＇s later ruin.This case verified the influence of news report on the change of political structure.