摘要
中国古代有自己的文体观念和文体分类方法;"五四"之后,引入西方的四分法,把文学体裁分为诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧等四大类,后来又有报告文学、纪实文学、影视文学等新的文体类别应运而生。综观一部中国文学史,认为文体即文学作品的体裁、语体以及与之相对应的美学风格,这个定义大致不差。文体具有表意、表象与表现等功能;而文体和题材之间又存在着吁求与征服关系。现代文体学已经成为文艺学的一个重要的分支学科而备受关注;经过近20年的学术发展,文体研究的意识在中国文学界已经空前自觉,虽然从事文艺理论与文学批评的不少同仁一直在孜孜不倦地做着文体学的探索和教学工作,但要建立较为完备的中国当代文体学,可做的事还很多,仍有很长的路要走。
Ancient China has its own ideas and classification of the literary genre. After the May 4th Movement, the literary genres are classified into poetry, prose, fiction, drama and so on by the gradual adoption of western ideas. Style has a variety of functions. There are relations of invocation and conquest between style and subject matter. Modern literary stylistics has become an important branch of Literature and attracts more concerns. But to establish a more comprehensive contemporary Chinese Stylistics, there is still a long way to go.
