不同麦秸还田方式对夏玉米性状及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of different treatments of wheat straw on characteristics and water use efficience of summer maize

为探求适合淮北平原机播夏玉米的最佳麦秸还田方式,在大田条件下,研究了麦秸全量还田方式（粉碎抛撒、灭茬覆盖、直接覆盖）对机播夏玉米出苗率、抗倒性能和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,粉碎抛撒处理的出苗率最高;灭茬覆盖处理的总倒伏率最低,而单株气生根数目,总根条数和根系干重最高,且其植株基部第3~7节间的直径、单位茎长干重和茎秆压碎强度、穿刺强度、抗倒指数、土壤含水率、产量及水分利用效率也高于粉碎抛撒和直接覆盖处理。灭茬覆盖和粉碎抛撒处理的产量和经济效益之间差异不显著,但均高于直接覆盖处理。因此,无论是从直接经济效益,还是长期的生态效益考虑,麦秸灭茬覆盖和粉碎抛撒覆盖都值得在生产中推广。

The objective of this study was to investigate effects of different treatments of wheat straw such as grinding cover（GC）,stubbing cover（SC） and direct cover（DC） on emergence rate,lodging-resistance and water use efficiency of summer maize sowed mechanically in Huaibei district.The results showed that GC-treated maize had the highest emergence number and rate,SC-treated one had the lowest total lodging percentage whereas the brace root number,total root number and root dry weight per plant were the highest.Among the three treatments,GC had the higher basal 3 to 7 internode diameter,the ratio of dry weight to length of internode,culm crashing strength and rind penetration strength,lodging-resistance index,soil water content,grain yield and water use efficiency.There is no significant difference of grain yield and economic benefit between GC and SC treatments,but all of them were higher than these of DC.Therefore,when taking both economic and long-term ecological benefits into consideration,treatment of mechanically-sowed summer maize with GC and SC will become a favorite practice for summer maize production in Huaibei district.