南京国民政府前期官费留学经费考察(1927-1937)

A look at the funds of studying abroad during the early Nationalist Government in Nanjing(1927—1937)

近代中国留学事业蓬勃兴起。南京国民政府成立初期,在留学管理政策等方面基本延续了晚清和北洋政府时期的相关政策,但还是有一定的区别,主要体现在留学经费的来源与使用方面。南京国民政府初年留学经费来源渠道不一,在经费拮据的前提下,政府实行了严格的预决算制度。此外,政府还通过鼓励团体和私人资助等形式多方筹措资金,以保障公费留学生的培养所需。经费使用方面,政府在保障学费供给的前提下,为鼓励留学生学业更进一步,对于继续深造的学生往往给予一定资费补助,同时加大了对自费留学生的奖励和扶持。通过对南京国民政府初年留学经费来源和使用情况的考察,发现其经费虽捉襟见肘,但经费的筹措与使用逐步明晰化、制度化,因而在留学生培养上取得了一定成效。

Studying abroad was flourishing during the Modern Chinese. The early Nationalist Government in Nanjing almost used the same policy as the late Qing and the Beiyang Government＇s in the amnagement of studying abroad,but there was a certain difference,especially the way that the funds came and be used. All possible means had been tried to get the funds by the Government. Because of the straitened circumstance ,the Government introduced a strict budget and final accounts system to manage the money. Besides,the Government also encouraged organizations and individuals to raise funds.It also gave a certain tariff benefits to those who had a further study abroad under the promise of supply. We can see throughtthe study ,although the funds stretched,they were used progressive claritily,systematically,and thus trained students to achieve certain results.