突发公共事件中公众危机干预现状及需求分析

Status and demonds of crisis intervention for residents in the emergency public events

目的了解公众应对突发公共事件的各个阶段危机心理干预现状与需求,为有针对性地实施心理干预提供依据。方法采取多阶段随机抽样方法 ,在安徽省合肥市瑶海区、庐阳区按一定的年龄结构抽取15～60岁居民为调查对象。采用卫生部应急办"突发公共事件危机心理干预能力资源状况调查和政策研究"项目提供的《公众心理卫生状况及需求调查表》,由经过统一培训的调查员入户进行调查。结果 45.9%的调查对象对突发公共事件危机心理干预不了解,48.7%的人是通过媒体宣传获得心理援助知识的;57.8%的被调查者希望通过媒体宣传来获得心理援助;收到宣传材料是事件发生后公众各时间段都能接受的干预形式;缓解心理反应(50.4%)是被调查者主要希望获得的危机心理干预技能。结论不同类型事件、事件发生不同时间公众心理干预方式的需求不同,应针对不同需求实施具体的心理干预方式,使受到事件波及人群得到最有效的心理援助。

Objective To explore the crisis intervention status and needs for the public in different stages of emergency public events,and to provide the basis for the future implementation of targeted interventions.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select residents aged 15 to 60 years old in Yaohai and Luyang districts according to a certain age structure.Survey was performed by the trained investigators through a unified-home investigation with the questionnaire designed by the Office of Public Health Emergency,Ministry of Health.Results 45.9% of the respondents didn’t understand the crisis psychological intervention to public health emergencies.48.7% of the participants obtained the knowledge of psychological assistance through the media.57.8% of them hoped to get the psychological assistance through the media.Receiving promotional materials was a form of intervention accepted by the public in all time stages after the incidents.How to alleviate the psychological reactions was the major psychological crisis intervention skill that the participants liked （50.4%）.Conclusion Psychological intervention demands of different people were not the same according to the different types of events and different time stages.Specific types of psychological intervention should be implemented based on the different needs and effective psychological assistance should be offered to people affected by the events.