重庆市高校教师职业压力与心理健康状况调查

Survey on occupational stress and mental health status among university teachers in Chongqing City

目的了解重庆高校教师职业压力与心理健康状况,为研究高校教师心理健康的维护策略提供实证基础。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法对4所高校的152名专职教师进行问卷调查。结果高校教师普遍存在中等程度职业压力,有中度及严重职业压力者占全部受试的70.0%。不同学历层次的教师在职业发展、工作负荷方面感受到的职业压力呈显著差异(P<0.01),硕士学历教师在这两方面的压力高于其他组;不同职称的教师在职业发展、工作负荷、工作保障这三个维度上感受到的压力有显著不同(P<0.01),工作负荷方面副教授组高于其他职称组,另两个方面讲师组高于其他职称组。高校教师健康状况较差,从精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)检测结果看,重庆市高校教师的8个症状因子均明显高于全国常模(P<0.01),且心理症状阳性检出率为60.5%,存在中度及以上心理卫生问题的教师比率高于国内其他地区省市的检出结果。结论重庆高校教师的职业压力主要来自学校管理及制度、工作负荷及职业发展三个方面,其根本的压力来自各高校对教师科研工作量及科研质量的要求。只有从源头上优化评价体系,才能缓解高校教师职业压力,维护他们的心理健康。

Objective To understand the status of mental health and occupational stress among university teachers in Chongqing City.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 152 university teachers drawn from four colleges and universities in Chongqing City by stratified random sampling.Results Moderate occupational stress was prevalent among university teachers.70.0% of the university teachers reported that they had got moderate or severe occupational stress.Teachers with different educational background had significantly different stress in terms of their vocational development and working load （P0.01）.Teachers with postgraduate degree had the highest degree of occupational stress in these two aspects.Teachers with different professional titles had significantly different stress in terms of their vocational development,working load and working pledge （P0.01）.Lecture instructors had highest stress in their vocational development and working pledge,and associate professors had the highest working load.According to the Symptom Check List 90 Test,university teachers were,on the average,in poor mental health condition.Among the nine symptoms of psychopathology,university teachers in Chongqing got significantly higher scores in eight of the symptoms than the norm group of our country （P0.01）.The ratio of the number of positive items in SCL-90 was 60.5%,and the ratio of university teachers in Chongqing who had moderate or serious mental health problems was much higher than university teachers in other areas in China.Conclusion The occupational stress of university teachers mainly comes from three facets：the managerial system of the school authority,the working load and career development,which derives from the demanding scientific efforts required by the school authority.As a conclusion,we need to attach great importance to the issue,establish and perfect the evaluation system of teaching and research.Only in this way,can we relieve teachers’ occupational stress and maintain their mental health.