新型织物除锈剂氟化氢铵的研制及除锈效果

Preparation of a New Fabrics Rust Remover NH 4HF 2 and Its Effect for Rust Removing

以荧石氟化钙（ＣａＦ２）或者磷肥厂尾气用水吸收的含氟化氢（４．０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的废水为原料，在常温常压下合成氟化氢铵ＮＨ４ＨＦ２。经测定０８０３ｍｏｌ的ＮＨ３与０８４６ｍｏｌＣａＦ２制得的Ｈ２Ｆ２（０８ｍｏｌ）可以完全反应，制得含０６６５ｍｏｌＮＨ４ＨＦ２的溶液，收率为８３２％。该溶液对织物有明显的除锈退色作用，性能优于普通除锈剂草酸或氟化钠溶液。当ＮＨ４ＨＦ２的浓度为０９１８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，对白色织物上的深棕色锈斑退色效率可达８５％以上。

The ammonium hydrogenfluoride NH 4HF 2 is prepared by using 0.846mol calcium fluoride CaF 2 powder (or 100ml of 4.04 mol/L hydrogen fluoride from waste water of phosphate fertilizer factory) and concentrated sulfuric acid,n(H 2SO 4)=0.9mol,and ammonia water, n(NH 3)=0.803mol,as raw materials at normal temperature and pressure.The rust removing result of NH 4HF 2 solution to fabrics is superior to the common rust remover oxialic acid or sodium fluoride solution.The efficiency of discoloring brown rust stain in the white fabrics can reach 85%,is beyond of the H 2C 2O 4 and NaF solution 15% and 20% in the same condition.