发展节水小麦 缓解北方水资源短缺——以河北省冬小麦为例

Development of water-saving wheat cultivars to limit water shortage in North China—a case study of Hebei Province

分析了我国北方水资源短缺的现状,以河北省为例,阐述了目前我国北方节水的关键。认为节水的关键在农业,而农业节水的重点在小麦。提出在发展工程节水的同时,注重发展生物节水和农艺节水,以水分利用效率高的小麦品种为先导,与配套的节水栽培技术相结合,实现小麦生产的节水,这对缓解北方水资源短缺现状具有重要意义。以河北省石家庄市农业科学院育成的"石麦15"和"石家庄8号"节水栽培实践论述了培育节水品种的可行性以及推广节水品种在农业节水中的巨大潜力。

Water is a critical crop production factor. This paper analyzed the state of water shortage in North China using Hebei Province as a case study. The study expatiates on modern water-saving agriculture and shows that agriculture is a key to water-saving. In North China, water-saving agriculture is determined by reducing water use for wheat production. In addition to engineering water-saving, greater attention should be paid to biological water-saving and agronomic water-saving. High water-use-efficient wheat cultivars combined with water-saving cultivation technology is important in reducing water consumption in wheat production. Consequently, that is most important mode of limiting water shortage in the region. Water-saving cultivation of ＂Shimai 15＂ and ＂Shiji-azhuang No. 8＂ bred by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebei Province is used as an example to illustrate the feasibility of breeding of water-saving wheat cultivars, and the potential of water-saving wheat cultivars in water-saving agriculture.