4Dilori B, Lopez T, Procida M, et al. Successful use of central venous catheter as permanent hemodialysis access: 84-month follow up in lucania. Blood Purif,2001,19 ( 1 ) :39-43.
5Kailash K, J indal C, Jean H, et al. Clinical practice guide lines for vascular access. AJKD, 1999,10:287-321.
6Jean G, Charra B, Chazot C, et al. Long-term outcome of permament hemodialysis Catheters a controlled study. Blood Purif, 2001, 19 (4) :401-407.
二级参考文献31
1[1]Ori Y, Korzets A, Katz M et al. Haemodialysis arteriovenous access-aprospective haemodynamic evaluation. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 1996, 11(Suppl 1):94
2[2]Krivitski NM, MacGibbon D, Gobson A.Accuracy techniques for access flow measurement during hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis, 1998,31(3):502
3[3]Sands J, Glidden D, Miranda C. Hemodialysis access flow measurement. Comparison of ultrasound dilution and duplex ultrasonography. ASAIO J, 1996,42(5):899
4[4]Von Bibra H, Castro L. Autentiech G et al. The effects of ateriovenous shunts on cardiac function in renal dialysis patients-an echocardiographic evalution. Clin Nephrol, 1978,9(5):205
5[5]Bos WJ, Zietse R, Wesseling KH et al. Effects of arteriovenous fistulas on cardiac oxygen supply and demand. Kidney Int, 1999,55(5):2049
6[6]Moore GE, Painter PL, Brinker KR et al. Cardiovascular response to submaximal stationary cycling during hemodialysis.Am J Kindey Dis, 1998, 31(4):631
7[7]Dongradi G, Rocha P, Kahn JC et al. Patients on chronic hemodialysis. Hemodynamic study at rest and during execise before dialysis, in hypertensive and normotensive patients (authors transl). Nouv Presse Med, 1978,7(36):3207
8[8]Lo WK, Mo FKF, Po CH et al. Effect of exercise during hemodialysis:result of a 3 month pilot study. Hong Kong J Nephrol, 2000,2(1):27
9[9]Dongradi G, Rocha P, Baron B et al. Hemodynamic effects of arteriovenous fistulae in chronic hemodialysis patients at rest and during exercise. Clin Nephrol, 1981,15(2):75
10[10]Pandeya S, Lindsay RM. The relationship between cardiac output and access flow during hemodialysis. ASAIO J, 1999,45(3):135
1Bellinghieri G,Ricciardi B,Costantino G,et al.Exhaustion of vascular endowment in hemodialysis:proposal for a permanent inlet access[J].Int J Artif Organs,1998,21(4):201-204.
2Michael P Bannon,Stephanie F Heller,Mariela Rivera.Anatomic considerations for central venous cannulation[J].Risk Manag Healthc Policy,2011,4:27-39.
3Maecken T,Maroon C,Bomas S,et al.Relationship of the internal jugular vein to the common carotid artery:implications for ultrasound-guided vascular access[J].Eur J Anaesthesiol,2011,28(5):351-355.
4Gurkan Turker,Fatma Nur Kaya,Alp Gurbet,et al.Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation:An Ultrasound-Guided Technique Versus a Landmark-Guided Technique[J].Clinics(Sao Paulo),2009,64(10):989-992.
5Mansfield PF,Hohn DC,Fornage BD,et al.Complication and failures of subclavian-vein catheterization[J].N Engl J Med,1994,331(26):1735-1738.
6Dimitrios Karakitsos,Nicolaos Labropoulos,Eric De Groot,et al.Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein:a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care patients[J].Crit Care,2006,10(6):R162.
7Edward G Clark,Jeffrey H Barsuk.Temporary hemodialysis catheters:recent advances[J].Kidney Int,2014,86(5):888-895.
8Oguzkurt L,Tercan F,Kara G,et al.US-guided placement of temporary internal jugular vein catheters:Immediate technical success and complications in normal and high-risk patients[J].Eur J Radiol,2005,55(1):125-129.
9Karakitsos D,Labropoulos N,De Groot E,et al.Real-time ultrasound-guided catheterisation of the internal jugular vein:a prospective comparison with the landmark technique in critical care patients[J].Crit Car,2006,10(6):R162.
10Akoglu H,Piskinpasa S,Yenigun EC,et al.Real-time ultrasound guided placement of temporary internal jugular vein catheters:assessment of technical success and complication rates in nephrology practice[J].Nephrology(Carlton),2012,17(7):603-606.
