高寒流域同位素径流分割研究进展

Isotope Hydrograph Separation in Alpine Catchments:A Review

径流分割是应用水文学中的一个基本问题,同位素径流分割则是采用同位素进行分割的方法,其应用范围已从产流理论研究拓展至地下水地表水相互作用、生态水文过程等多个领域.评述了高寒流域同位素径流分割方法原理及其应用研究进展,突出其对全球变化的指示意义.详细介绍了雪融水稳定同位素变化特征机理,以及加权平均值(VWA)、即时值(CMW)及径流校正(RunCE)等误差处理方法及其优缺点.最后,阐述了高寒流域同位素径流分割的应用前景,指出同位素径流分割可以与GIS软件等结合拓宽其研究的空间尺度、与水化学及人工试验等方法相结合拓展其研究手段,可以结合高寒流域独特地形研究山区产流机制.

Isotope hydrograph separation（IHS） is a basic tool in applied hydrology.Its application has expanded to surface water and groundwater interaction,eco-hydrological processes,etc.In this paper,the progress made in IHS for alpine catchments is reviewed,with an emphasis on its statistical significance in reflecting the impact of global change on water resources.Meanwhile,the principle of ISH and its uncertainties are explained in details.The mechanism of variation of stable isotopes in snow meltwater is discussed and then the methods to improve the separation during snowmelt,such as volume weighted average method,current meltwater method and runoff-corrected event water approach,are suggested,considering their advantages and disadvantages.New approaches may expand the applications of IHS,for example,large basin studies in combination with GIS,new theories of runoff generation in combination with other parameters such as deuterium excess,DOC and so on.