论未成年人受侵害的过失相抵

The Contributory Negligence in Minor's Being Infringed

与加害人的过失不同,受害人的过失并非违反不得侵害他人权益的义务,而是违反了对自己的保护义务,此种义务在法律上是一种不真正义务。对于受害人的过失的判断,应以受害人尽到与处理自己事务一样的注意义务而非善良管理人的注意义务为标准。为保持现行立法与司法的稳妥,可以规定:10周岁以上的未成年人具有过失相抵能力,10周岁以下的未成年人不具有过失相抵能力。在未成年人遭受他人侵害,其监护人未尽监护职责导致损害的发生或扩大的情况下,若监护人违反善良管理人的注意义务,未成年的受害人应该承担监护人的过失,在斟酌损害赔偿数额时,实行过失相抵。

The contributory negligence is different from the fault of perpetrators. The victims fault is not a violation of the obligation not to infringe the others＂ rights but a violation of the obligation to protect themselves. Such an obligation is a kind of obliegenheit. When we make judgments ＂about the victim＇s fault, the standard that victims should fulfill the same duty of care as they do to handle their own affairs may be considered. In order to maintain the secure and dependable of existing legislation and judiciary, it is supposedly to stipulate that minors over the age of 10 have the ability to offset fault. How- ever, minors under the age of 10 do not have the ability to offset fault. In the case that minors have been infringed on by perpetrators and the guardian＇s deficiencies of his or her guardianship duties led to the occurrence or expand of a minor injury, if the guardian violates the duty of care of a good administrator, the victim should assume the fault of the Guardian. When the amount of damages is taken into consideration, fault offset is implemented then.