论私文书证明力的推定规则

The Legal Presumption Rules for Admissibility and Effectiveness of Personal Documents Evidence

私文书形式证明力的有无可以从书证的名义人真实、形式真实两个层面来判断,名义人真实可以从名义人的签章真实来推定,形式真实可以通过名义人真实来推定。在确定实质证明力方面,司法推定具有一定作用。举证人对私文书的真实负证明责任,适用推定规则时,当事人对基础事实和推定事实的证明主题和证明标准均有所区别。

The formal effectiveness of the private documents can be judged by the authenticity of nominal signer and formal authenticity. The authenticity of nominal signer can be presumed by the true name of a person ＇s signature, and the formal authenticity can be presumed by the authenticity of nominal signer. When verifying the substantial effectiveness, factual presumption may take effect to some extent. The proving party are responsible for the onus probandi of the personal document＇s authenticity, when legal presumption rules is applied; the theme and criterion of verification have some difference in basic truth and presumptive truth for the parties concerned.