唐五代科举怀挟政策的变革与实际影响

Reformation and its Influence of Entrainment Policy of Imperial Examination in Tang and Five-age Dynasty

如何对待科场怀挟是唐五代科举政策的一个内容,唐人对此的认识也处于探索阶段。允许考生怀挟书策被认为是唐帝国信心取士的体现,禁止怀挟也被认为是革除科场舞弊的重要手段。唐五代进士科允许考生怀挟的书策涵盖经、史、集和韵书、字书、类书等,间接地促进了当时的文化建设事业。本文检讨了唐五代怀挟政策的变革历程,并结合宋代的新情况来反观之,认为科举怀挟书策的需要促进了唐五代小型类书的编撰,也间接地催生了宋代坊刻事业的发展。

Whether the entrainment is allowed by the examinee during the Imperial Examination was one of controversial issues in the Imperial Examination policy in Tang and Five-age Dynasty.Entrainment-allowed policy reflected that Tang Empire held confidence to the examinees,while the entrainment-prohibited policy was also considered as one important measure to abolish corruption in Tang and Five-age Dynasty.The entrainment materials allowed to bring in the examination room include Classics,History,and Collections as well as the rhyme book,ancient dictionary,and encyclopedia.This policy indirectly promoted the development of the culture construction at that time.This paper focuses on the reformation of the entrainment policy in Tang and Five-age Dynasty as well as Song Dynasty.The author thinks that the entrainment-allowed policy boosted the composing of small-sized encyclopedia in Tang and Five-age Dynasty,as well as indirectly led to the development of bookshop printing in Song Dynasty.