清人论纳谏与谏铮之道

The Qing Dynasty People's Discussions about the Methods of Accepting Opinions and Advising

纳谏是中国封建帝皇集思广益、进行科学决策的有效途径之一;谏铮是谏官发挥聪明才智为国为民做贡献的职责所在。虚心纳谏与善于进言是谏铮活动能否成功的关键所在,历朝历代、朝野上下都对之讨论得极为热烈。《清经世文编》中关于论述纳谏问题的文献较为集中,主要包括谏官之道、纳谏促致治、纳谏之道、谏铮之道和纳谏的最高境界为君臣一体五个方面,这些内容反映了清代纳谏思想的内容、特色,对当代行政管理理论和科学决策有一定的借鉴意义。

Accepting opinions is one of the paths for the Chinese rulers in the feudal society to pool the wisdom of the masses and have scientific policy-making.Advising is the officer＇s duty to serve his country and people with his talents.Accepting opinions and good at advising is crucial for the success of such activities.In each dynasty,both the government and the people had heated discussions about it.Jingshiwenbian of the Qing Dynasty had a collection of the documents about accepting opinions,which included the following five aspects： methods used by the officers in advising,administration promoted by accepting opinions,methods of accepting opinions,methods of accepting opinions and advising,and the utmost realm,i.e.the combination of rulers with officers.Such contents have embodied the thought and feature of accepting opinions in the Qing Dynasty,which has thrown some enlightenment for the contemporary administration theory and scientific policy-making.