湖泊营养物基准的候选变量和指标

Candidate Variables and Indicator for Lake Nutrient Criteria

湖泊营养物基准指标变量是可用于衡量水质、评价或预测水体的营养状态或富营养化程度的变量,是构成建立区域和湖泊营养物基准的基础。详细介绍和分析了氮、磷两个营养物变量和有机碳、叶绿素、透明度、溶解氧、大型植物、生物群落结构等生物学指标,以及营养状态指标、自养指数、温度、pH值、电导率以及土地利用等一系列相关变量(度量或指标),并总结了当前美国各州在湖泊营养物基准指标选取方面的基本情况。归纳出选择营养物基准指标时应遵循的若干原则,即综合考虑富营养化控制关键因子和区域差异性,所选指标应具有相对稳定、早期预警和易于监测等特点。最后针对我国湖泊营养物基准指标的选取提出了几点建议。

Nutrient state variables are those variables that can be used to evaluate water quality and trophic status or predict eutrophication of a water body and are the basis of lake nutrient criteria in different regions. This paper presents the process and approaches of nutrient variables selection. The nutrient variables （phosphorus and nitrogen）, biological variables （organic carbon, chlorophyll, transparency, macrophyte, biological community structure）, and a series of related variables （trophic state indices, autotrophic index, temperature, pH, conductivity and land use） were introduced and analyzed completely. The situations of nutrient variables selection in U.S. States were reviewed, and some principles about selecting variable were proposed. Nutrient variables involve necessarily the indicators of overenrichment and lake geographic differences, and possess the characteristics of relatively stability, ecoregion and eutrophication prediction. Finally, several suggestions of nutrient criteria indicator selection for lakes in China were put forward.