生态危机的社会伦理根源

Social and ethic reasons for ecological crises

从人与自然的关系实际上是人与人之间的利益关系的论点出发,揭示了生态危机发生实质是人类为了获取自身利益的最大化,对自然资源无止境的索取和争夺而导致的;论证了生态危机发生的社会伦理根源是技术理性的扩张导致科学技术的异化、消费主义的盛行加重了对自然的消耗与污染、功利主义的漫延导致代际自然资源分配不公;提出了要缓解人与自然日趋紧张的关系,解决生态危机,不仅要依靠科技、经济手段,最根本的还是要从改变人们的社会伦理观出发,用价值理性自觉地调适技术理性的非理性倾向、改变物质主义的生活方式、摒弃发展理念的功利主义,从而调节好人与人之间的利益冲突,处理好人与自然的"物质变换"关系。

Starting from the viewpoint that the relationships between man and nature are actually benefit-oriented ones between human beings, the author indicated in the dissertation that ecological crises, in essence, are caused by man’s pursuit after the maximum of self-interest and endless demand or competition for natural resources. It is also demonstrated that the social and ethic reasons for the occurrence of eco-crises include the dissimilation of science and technology caused by the expansion of technical rationality, the attrition and pollution of nature aggravated by the popularity of consumerism, as well as the unfair distribution of intergenerational natural resources due to the pervasion of utilitarianism. To relieve the increasingly strained relationship between man and nature and resolve the eco-crises, in the author’s opinion, we should not only rely on technical or economic methods, but fundamentally, change the social values of human beings. We should, by means of value reason, revise the non-rational tendency of technical rationality, alternate the life style of materialism, and abandon the utilitarianism in the concept of development so that we can better readjust the interest conflicts between human beings and handle the ＂metabolism＂ relationships between man and nature.