1Robertson RP,Harmon J,Tran PO,et al.Glucose toxicity in beta-cells:type 2 diabetes,good radicals gone bad,and the glutathione connection[J].Diabetes,2003;52(3):581-7.
2Harmon JS,Gleason CE,Tanaka Y,et al.In vivo prevention of hyperglycemia also prevents glucotoxic effects on PDX-1 and insulin gene expression[J].Diabetes,1999;48(10):1995-2000.
3Ilkova H,Glaser B,Cerasi E,et al.Induction of long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients by transient intensive insulin treatment[J].Diabetes Care,1997;20:1353-6.
4Garvey WT,Olefsky JM,Griffin J,et al.The effect of insulin treatment on insulin secretion and insulin action in type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes,1985;34(2):222-34.
2Osei K, Rhinesmith S, Gaillard T. Impaired insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and glucose effectiveness predict future development of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in pre-diabetic African Americans. Diabetes Care,2004,27 : 1439-1446.
3Li GW, Lillioja S, Peter H, et al. Introduction of a new index of insulin sensitivity. In proceedings of the 15^th international Diabetes Federation Congress, Kobe, Japan, 1994. (Abstract) 1994, p489.
4Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, et al. Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and β cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia, 1987,28: 412.
5Haffner SM, Miettinen H, Gaskill SP, et al. Decreased insulin secretion and increased insulin resistance are independently related to the seven risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes meUitus in Mexican Americans. Diabetes, 1995,44 : 1386,1995.
6Weyer C, Bogardus C, Mott DM, et al. The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest, 1999,104:787-794.
7Lebovitz HE. Type 2 diabetes: an overview. Clin Chem, 1999,45: 1339-1345.
8Zavaronl I , Bonini I. Hypefinsulinemia in a normal population as a predictor of non-insulin-dependent diabetes meUitus: the Barilla factory revisited. Metabolism, 1999,48:984-994.
9Tripathy D , Carisson M. Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to glucose tolerance. Diabetes,2000,49:975-980.
10[1]Patti ME, Virkamaki A, Landaker EJ, et al. Activation of the hexosamine pathway by glucosamine in vivo induces insulin resistance of early postreceptor insulin signaling events in skeletal muscle[J]. Diabetes, 1999,48:1562-1571.