城市、气氛与自然——论格尔诺特·伯梅的环境美学

City,Atmosphere and Nature: Environmental Aesthetics of Gernot Bhme

格尔诺特·伯梅重视城市气氛的重要性以及城市居民对气氛的主观经验。人们既可以通过视觉感知气氛,也可以通过听觉与触觉感知。城市气氛主要包括联觉性气氛与社会性气氛,它虽然被主观感知,但具有准客观性。人类是自然的一部分,气氛能够影响自然,可以根据城市居民的感受来营造城市气氛,并规划和保护城市环境,保障城市魅力。

Gernot Bhme puts emphasis on the importance of atmosphere of city and the city people’s subjective experience of atmosphere.For instance,the hustle and bustle of busy street and the smell of market place enliven people,and the murmuring of a stream relaxes people.These sounds and smells are regarded as ‘atmospheres’.The perception of atmosphere is not limited to the sense of sight.We also perceive it as smell sound and body feeling.Bhme classifies atmosphere into mainly two types： synesthetic and social character.Atmosphere not only is perceived subjective,but also has quasi-objective character.Bhme also regards ourselves as parts of nature,which is influenced by atmosphere.This idea of atmosphere and nature makes it possible to create city atmosphere,to plan and preserve cities according to the feelings of the people who live in them.And it enables us to understand the charm of each city.