生物肥防治香蕉枯萎病及对土壤微生物多样性的影响

Influence of bio-fertilizers on control of banana wilt disease and soil microbial diversity

通过盆栽试验比较堆肥、生物有机肥和生物复混肥3种肥料灭菌前后对粉蕉(Musa paradisica,AAB)促生和枯萎病防病效果,采用Biolog Eco微平板方法研究不同肥料对土壤微生物功能多样性影响以及与防病关系。结果表明,所有施肥处理病情指数均比单接病原菌低,生物有机肥和生物复混肥防病效果分别为61.5%和53.8%,同相应肥料灭菌处理和堆肥比较,功能细菌在防病效果中具有重要作用。生物有机肥和生物复混肥明显促进粉蕉生长,鲜质量分别比单接病原菌高35.0%和70.9%。Biolog结果表明,单接病原菌处理AWCD和Shannon diversity指数比空白对照高,施肥处理又不同程度低于单接病原菌,Shannon eveness指数差异不明显。肥料防病效果与土壤微生物功能多样性变化趋势相反。

Banana wilt was a soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysopoyum f. sp. cubens, and its spread has seriously affected the development of the banana industry. The combination of mature organic fertilizer-compost （OF） with three bacteria strains （Bacillus subtilis,Bacillusmucilaginosus and Bacillus megaterium） constructed bio-organic fertilizer （BOF） and biocompound fertilizer（BCF）. Control effects of OF, BOF and BCF （comparison of the normal state with sterilization ） on banana wilt disease were studied and the soil bacterial community diversity was investigated by Biolog Eco plate under pot experiment of Musa paradisica （AAB）. The results showed that three kinds of fertilizers had different effect on biological control of banana wilt disease. Disease index of BOF or BCF treatment was significantly lower than that of the single Foc. However, the difference was insignificant between OF and Foc. Control effect of BOF and BCF on banana wilt disease were 53.8% and 61.5% respectively. Compared BOF or BCF with its sterilization treatment and OF, it was concluded that functional bacteria played an important role in disease inhibition. BOF and BCF significantly promoted the plant growth： the fresh weight of plantlets with BOF and BCF were increased by 70.9% and 35.0% respectively compared with the single Foc. Biolog Eco plate experiment results showed that AWCD and Shannon diversity index （ H′ ）of soil microbial community with the single Foc was higher than that of CK0, but they were lower compared with fertilizer treatments. Shannon eveness index （E） was insignificant among all treatments. Three kinds of fertilizer and Foc caused changes in soil microbial community, and the trend of AWCD and Shannon diversity index were reverse compared with control effect.