当今世界苹果产业发展趋势及我国苹果产业优质高效发展意见

Discussion on today’s world apple industry trends and the suggestions on sustainable and efficient development of apple industry in China

为了进一步提升我国苹果产业水平,缩小与国外的差距,实现优质高效发展,全面概述了欧美等世界苹果生产先进国家的共同特点,即大群体、大区试、大品种、大苗木、大行距、大密度、大角度、大授粉、大规模、集约化、区域化、机械化、设施化、标准化、技术简化、安全化、组织化、一体化、多样化、高投入、高有机、高光效、高产量、高优率、高效益、矮化性、一致性及早果性,代表了当今世界苹果产业发展趋势;总结了我国苹果产业30a的主要经验、教训及及存在的问题,初步提出了我国苹果产业优质高效发展的意见:(1)重视体制机制创新,优化产业发展环境;(2)重视野生资源利用,创制苹果特色品种;(3)探讨品质形成机理,有效调控苹果品质;(4)规范肥水病虫管控,确保苹果质量提升;(5)构建中国栽培模式,实施苹果双万工程。

In order to further promote the level of China＇s apple industry, shorten the gap in the industry between advanced countries and China,and achieve high quality and efficient development, the common characteristics of apple production in the advanced countries such as Europe and America were summarized in this paper. As a whole, large group, large area regional test, well-known varieties, big nursery stock, big space ,high density, wide-angle, good pollination, Largescale,intensification,regionalization,mechanization,facilities,standardization, technical simplification, safety, organized, integrated, diversified, high investment, high organic matter in soil, high light use efficiency, high-yield, excellent fruit quality, high efficiency, dwarfing ,consistency and early bearing and so on would be the goal of industry.They represent the development trend of world apple industry. The major experience, lessons and the exsiting problems of China’s apple industry in last 30 years were summarized and some views were proposed about quality and efficient development of China’s apple industry such as ： （1）paying great attention to system and mechanism innovation and optimizing the industrial development environment;（2）emphasizing on the use of wild resources to create new apple varieties;（3）Investigating quality formation mechanism to control apple quality effectively; （4）standardizing fertilization and pest control to promote the quality; （5） Constructing Chinese culture model and carrying out Apple’s two ten-thousand-project.