明清敬谦语的语义组合规则

The Composition Rules of the Terms of Respect and Modesty in Ming and Qing Dynasties

敬谦语是表达恭敬或谦逊的态度或情感的词语,是民族特色鲜明的礼貌语言。明清时期,汉语敬谦语进入鼎盛时期,系统完备。明清敬谦语的义位内部和义位之间,按照同素规则、互补规则、顺序规则、方向同一规则、态度同一规则、语体同一规则等规则组合成线性表达。语义组合系统是现代词汇语义学的新课题之一。

The terms of respect and modesty are the language expressing attitudes and emotions of respect and modest.They are the polite language with distinctive national characteristics.They flourished with a complete system in Ming and Qing Dynasties.The composition inside and between sememes are mainly embodied in identical morpheme rule,complementary rule,sequence rule,the same attitude rule,and the same style rule,which expresses linear relations.The semantic composition system is one of the new topics in modern lexical semantics.