空心菜提取色素的综合利用研究

Research on Multi-purpose Utilization of Pigment Extracted from Water Spinach

从植物中提取天然色素是食品安全的重要课题,由于植物本身含色素的量极少,提取色素后会有大量的废弃物,因此作为规模化的开发利用,必须研究提取色素后废弃物的利用问题。研究表明:以空心菜为原料可提取叶绿素(液态)、叶绿素铜钠盐(固态)、叶黄素两种色素;提取的色素能溶于水,色素颜色鲜艳、明亮,在弱酸性、中性、碱性,0.1%的过氧化氢、0.1%亚硫酸钠以及温度在80℃以下,色素有较高的稳定性;提取色素后的废弃物经过适当处理可得到富含钙、锌、铁等元素以及膳食纤维的产品,该产品可作为微量元素钙、锌、铁及膳食纤维的补充剂。在最佳试验条件下叶绿素的提取率(以100g新鲜空心菜计)为0.21g,叶黄素(以100g新鲜空心菜计)为0.056g,富含微量元素及膳食纤维的产品(以100g新鲜蔬菜计)为5g。

The natural pigment extracted from plants is an important food safety issue. Because of the small amount of pigment contained in the plants and big amount of waste produced in pigment extraction, the issue of waste utilization should be studied in the large-scale development and utilization of pigment extraction. Studies have shown that： chlorophyll（liquid）, sodium copper chlorophyll（solid）, two kinds of lutein can be extracted from water spinach. The extracted pigment can be dissolved in water; it has bright color and high stability in the weak acid, neutral, alkaline, 0.1 % hydrogen peroxide, 0.1 % sodium sulfite, as well as below 80 ℃. After proper treatment, a product full of calcium, zinc, iron, other elements and dietary fiber can be extracted from the waste after pigment extraction. The product can be used as supplement of calcium, zinc, iron and dietary fiber. The extraction rate of chlorophyll in the ideal experimental conditions is 0.21 g per 100 g fresh water spinach, lutein 0.056 g per 100 g fresh water spinach, the product with trace elements and dietary fiber 5 g per 100 g fresh vegetables.