蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Vermicompost-Formulated Substrate on Seedling Growth of Eggplant

以蚓粪复合基质和茄子幼苗为试材,研究蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：在茄子整个幼苗生长期,蚓粪复合基质对茄子幼苗成苗率,地上部分的开展度、株高、茎粗、叶绿素、叶片数和鲜（干）重等增加作用显著优于对照基质。蚓粪中添加中低量氮素（0.5~1.0 kg尿素/m3）比高氮添加量（2.0 kg尿素/m3）更有利于茄子幼苗地上部分生长和鲜（干）重的累积。高氮添加量处理在中、后期的有益效果逐步显现。蚓粪复合基质幼苗的根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数等在生长中、后期均显著高于对照基质处理;中低量氮素添加量有利于提高茄子幼苗成苗率,各处理成苗率在苗中、后期无明显变化。新鲜蚓粪与蛭石按4∶1的体积比混合后,添加适量无机养分制成的复合基质可以作为茄子育苗基质。综合成本和幼苗生长情况,蚓粪复合基质中以添加尿素1.0 kg/m3为宜。

Vermicompost produced in the process of using earthworm to biologically treat organic wastes was now highly recommended for horticulture and organic farming.The effect of vermicompost-formulated substrate on seedling development of eggplant in plastic greenhouse was systematically investigated.The results showed that all tested items including the planting percent,leaf expandedness,plant height,stem diameter,fresh and dry weight,leaf number and leaf chlorophyll content of eggplant seedlings raised in vermicompost-formulated substrate were superior to those raised in a commercial substrate（CK）.Addition of low and moderate amount of urea（0.5~1.0 kg/m3）to the vermicompost showed better promotive effect on growth of aerial part and dry matter accumulation,compared with the treatment with high rate of urea（2.0 kg/m3）added.The benefiting effect of low and moderate urea addition on strong seedling index,root/shoot ratio and growth function could be detected in earlier stage of seedling development while such effect appeared later when high amount of urea was added to vermicompost.Therefore,vermicompost mixed with vermiculite（4∶1,v/v）could be used as a better substrate,compared with commonly used commercial substrate,for seedling development of eggplant and optimum rate of urea added was 1.0 kg/m3 considering cost and comprehensive status of eggplant seedling growth.