先秦诸子反战主义和平思想的追思

On the Pacifism of Pre-Qing Philosophers

生活在春秋战国时代的先秦诸子,对战争与和平问题的思考中包含着极其敏锐的见解,有揭示战争明确动机和肯定战争合理性的话语、有反对使用战争手段和否定战争合法性的观点、有关于国家之间交往规范与道德标准的相关理念。所有这些都为反对一般和特定条件下的战争提供了哲学、政治和心理上的思想依据,也成为历代政治家或国家决策者采取战争行为还是和平行动的观念因子。

The pre-Qin philosophers living in the Warring States Period contemplated the issue of war and peace,and expressed their understanding in their works.Some exposed motivations of war and confirmed the rationality of it,while others opposed the use of war instrument and denied the legitimacy of war.In their works,some principles and moral standards in international exchanges can also be found.Their opinions and concepts established a philosophical,political and psychological basis of ideology for opposing the war in a general or specific condition,which served as a conceptual factor considered by politicians and state decision makers when they had to decide to take war or peaceful actions.