孔、孟所论“圣人”异同考

On the Differences and Similarities of saint between Confucius and Mencius

孔子心目中的"圣人"要求德、位兼备,而在孟子那里则更加注重于对德的要求。孟子所论"圣人"与孔子有所不同,可以说是孟子因应了从"犹秉周礼"至"杀人盈城"这一现实的形势、因应了"距杨墨"这一思想层面的形势以及为更加便于教化等因素影响而造成的。于孔子、孟子之间,从郭店楚简《五行》篇"德之行"五与"行"四等论述看,其中就已有了突出"圣"之德性的趋势。

In the eyes of Confucius,to be a saint request both morality and political status.But in the eyes of Mencius,the requirement of being a saint is more focus on morality.There are differences of saint＇s standards between Confucius and Mencius.The reasons of the differences are at least three：one reason is the reality of the situation becoming more and more bad,two is the threat of ideological dimensions from such as Yang and Mo,etc..Three is in order to more convenient to educate people.We can known from ＇Wu Xing＇ of Guo-dian Bamboo,it says five ＇de zhi xing＇ and four ＇xing＇,and it reflects that there is a trend to highlight the importance of morality in the meaning of saint.