1932年陕西省的霍乱疫情及其社会应对

The Cholera of Shaanxi Province and Social Response in 1932

1932年的霍乱遍及全国,尤以陕西省最为严重。本文主要依据当时的报刊资料对此次霍乱在陕西省的发生、流行以及社会各界的应对进行分析,认为此次陕西省的霍乱疫情蔓延60个县,死亡人数13万以上;呈现出初期远程传播与近程传播同时进行,后期主要以沿交通干线的远程传播为主的特征;至于霍乱疫情的发生有外地传来和本地引发两种可能;社会各界因社会地位、职责等的不同,在应对霍乱的过程中所担当的角色和采取的措施也就各异。

The cholera in 1932 occurred the whole country, but it was most serious in Shaanxi Province. This paper is based on the data of the press at that time and perform analysis on the outbreak, epidemic of the cholera and the response of society in Shaanxi Province. And it argues that the cholera of Shaanxi Province was spread of 60 counties, the date of death was more than 130,000, the cholera showed the characteristic of long-range communication and shortrange communication at the same in early period, and along the transportation route of the long-range communication in late period. As for the occurrence of the cholera, there were two possibilities-either came from outside or broke out in local area. Because the difference of the social status and responsibilities of the social groups, their roles and the measures to were also varied in the process of response to the cholera.