英美判例中的体育比赛裁判员过失侵权问题研究

Research on Liability of Tort to Referee in the Legal Precedent

竞技体育比赛中,过失侵权行为无处不在,裁判员也不例外。通过文献资料法、案例分析法、逻辑分析等方法研究体育比赛裁判员过失侵权问题。认为:裁判员负有监管比赛、保证比赛正常进行的义务,相对于球员对球员及球员对观众或者裁判员对观众,裁判员对球员负有更高的责任;裁判员过失侵权问题的发生往往与专业知识、能力以及对突发事件的处理能力有关。按照相关体育联合会或体育协会的章程规定,裁判在比赛过程中的错误裁决要承担纪律责任,依照相关法律,还要承担法律责任,包括合同责任、侵权责任、行政责任和刑事责任;但是,在任何情形下,裁判员善意的失误是可以接受的,因此,合理、诚实、善意执法的裁判员,不应当担心承担法律责任。但是,裁判员恶意或重大过失,可能会被诉诸法律,以更有效地保护参赛者及相关利害关系人的合法权利和利益。加深对过失侵权理论在体育领域中应用的认识,进一步明确裁判工作的重要性,对于加强体育法制建设以及行业制度建设具有重要意义。

Sports competition,negligence tort everywhere,referees are no exception.This article through studies,deepen the negligence of the sports fields theory in the application of knowledge,to further clarify the importance of work,and to enhance the construction of legal system of sport industry system construction to have the important meaning.responsible for supervision and referees,and game,ensure normal race,relative to the obligations of players and for players to the audience,the audience or referee for players have higher referees.the referee negligence of professional knowledge,ability and often and incident dealing capacity.and in the referee＇s decision making mistakes in the game,in accordance with relevant sports federation or sports association for the articles in the process of game,the referee shall bear responsibility discipline error award,but doesn＇t exempt the legal liability,in accordance with the relevant laws,still should bear legal responsibility,including contract,tort liability and responsibility of administrative liability and criminal liability.But,in any case,the referee goodwill mistakes are predictable,is also acceptable.Therefore,reasonable,honest,law enforcement,shouldn＇t worry about the legal liability.However,the referee malicious or gross negligence,may be to resort to law,with more effectively protect the contestants and relevant stakeholders of the legitimate rights and interests.