内蒙古某地区0～2岁蒙、汉族婴幼儿营养状况及其影响因素

Nutritional status and effect factors of infants of Mongolian and Han nationality aged 0 ～2 years old in a certain area of Inner Mongolia Automatic Region

目的:了解内蒙古某地区0～2岁蒙、汉族婴幼儿营养状况及其影响因素,为合理喂养、促进儿童健康发育提出建议。方法:以乡为单位随机整群抽取蒙、汉族2岁以下婴幼儿336人及其照料者,于2004年4月通过访谈式问卷调查、体格检查和血生化指标测定,了解婴幼儿喂养方式、生长发育状况及影响因素。结果:蒙、汉族儿童生长发育状况低于WHO推荐标准,平均生长发育水平较低,贫血发生率分别为4.0%和12.2%(P<0.05),维生素A缺乏发生率分别为11.6%和51.0%(P<0.05)。蒙、汉族儿童6个月的母乳喂养率分别为79.3%和73.9%,平均断奶时间分别为13.2个月和15.1个月。儿童照料者营养知识缺乏,知识得分分别为3.7分和4.0分。婴幼儿6个月内喂养方式、儿童照料者受教育年限、照料者喂养知识及儿童出生身长是影响婴幼儿生长发育的重要因素。结论:应对贫困农村地区大力开展儿童营养知识健康教育,提高照料者的营养知识水平,提高母乳喂养率,提倡适时、合理添加辅食,预防和减少儿童营养不良及相关健康问题。

Objective： To understand the nutritional status and effect factors of infants of Mongolian and Han nationality aged0 ～ 2 years old in a certain area of Inner Mongolia Automatic Region,put forward some suggestions for reasonable feeding and promoting development of children＇s health. Methods： 336 infants of Mongolian and Han nationality aged 0 ～ 2 years old and their caregivers were selected randomly with village as unit,the feeding modes,growth and development and effect factors of the infants were surveyed by interview,questionnaires,physical examination and biochemical indicators detection in April 2004. Results： The growth and development of infants of Mongolian and Han nationality were below WHO recommended standard,the incidences of anemia were 4. 0% and 12. 2% ,respectively （ P 0. 05） ; the incidences of vitamin A deficiency were 11. 6% and 51. 0% ,respectively （ P 0. 05） ; the rates of breast feeding in infants of Mongolian and Han nationality aged 6 months were 79. 3% and 73. 9% ,respectively,the average weaning months were 13. 2 months and 15. 1 months,respectively; the caregivers were lack of nutritional knowledge,the nutritional scores of them were 3. 7 and 4. 0,respectively; the important effect factors of growth and development of infants included feeding modes within 6 months,educational years and feeding knowledge of caregivers,body length at birth of infants. Conclusion： Health education of nutritional knowledge in infants in poor rural areas should be enhanced,the nutritional knowledge level of caregivers and the rate of breast feeding should be improved,timely and reasonable supplementary food addition should be advocated in order to prevent and reduce children malnutrition and related health problems.